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There were

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some who found me difficult and

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hostile, but they did me

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wrong. Little did they know of the

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reason why I seemed that way.

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It wasn't my choice to shrink from

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society, and I had to live

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alone,

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like someone who'd been banished.

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[Music]

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[Music]

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Heat. Heat.

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[Music]

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[Music]

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Heat. Heat.

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[Music]

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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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Heat. Heat.

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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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By the time his ninth symphony was

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performed that night in Vienna, Ludvik

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Vlan Beethoven was profoundly deaf.

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Almost two centuries later, this music

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remains as potent, obsessive, and

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bewilderingly brilliant as

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ever. It's even more remarkable when you

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remember that its composer was unable to

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hear.

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[Music]

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For me, the struggle that comes through

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Beethoven's music is what makes it so

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compelling. And struggle was always part

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of his

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life. Just as with Shakespeare, you come

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to Beethm to engage with the big

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questions that stir nations, that stir

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humanity itself.

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The struggle against deafness, the

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struggle for personal freedom on every

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level, the determination to be an artist

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on his own

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terms. All this I feel acutely in his

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music. Music which against the odds

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articulates the indomitable power of the

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human

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[Music]

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spirit. His music has changed

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lives. It's changed history. And with

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him, you might

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say, music grew

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up. Beethoven was born into a family of

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court musicians in the German city of

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Bon. From an early age, he'd learned to

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fend for himself.

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Look at him. What's he so miserable for?

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Your mother's dead, isn't she? No, she's

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not. Well, she must be. Look at the

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state of you.

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[Music]

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[Applause]

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Ludvig's mother wasn't

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dead. At least not

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[Applause]

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then. I don't think his mother meant to

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neglect

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them. It wasn't as if they were poor.

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Certainly not when we were children.

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But I don't remember it being exactly a

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happy home.

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Keep the tempo either.

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[Music]

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A gifted pianist, Beethoven had

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inherited the talents of his late

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grandfather, a renowned musician who'd

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been director of music at the court.

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Unlike young Ludvig, his father Johan, a

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tener and music teacher, had failed to

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live up to the family

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[Music]

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name. All right, that's enough.

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[Music]

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Stop. Enough.

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That's enough.

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How many times do I have to tell you?

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Just play the notes in the exercise. But

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papa, it's so beautiful. It's silly

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trash. Stop. Grandfather would have

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loved it. I said enough.

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We all hated the way his father treated

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him, but he was always boasting about

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his son. Not in front of him, of course,

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but outside the family

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home. Oh, my Ludvig, my Ludvig, he used

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to say. In time, he'll become a great

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man in the world. You'll

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see. It was bewildering for Ludvig. He

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never knew what kind of mood his father

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would be in.

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And more and

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more he withdrew into

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[Music]

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himself. It was clear that Beethoven's

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talent as a musician might provide an

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escape from his father. And when he got

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his first job, aged only 13, his deputy

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court organist, Beethoven's future

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suddenly seemed brighter. He began to

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study the work of Bach Mozart and

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Heiden. And it's around this time you

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can see first evidence of his gift for

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composing. Since I was 12, my muse has

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often whispered to

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me, "Try and write down the harmonies in

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your soul.

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only 12 years old, I thought. And how

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would I look as a

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composer, and what would men experience

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in the art say about it? I was almost

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shy. But my muse wished it I obeyed and

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[Music]

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wrote. This is a work of astonishing

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sophistication for such a young

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composer. In the previous 20 years,

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sonatis had become the principal

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benchmark by which piano music was

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judged. So it says a lot for the young

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Beethoven's ambition that he was

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prepared to attempt this form so early

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[Music]

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on. I remember every element of his

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court costume.

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It was quite something. Sea green frock

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coat, green knee breaches with buckles,

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stockings of black or white silk, shoes

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with black bow

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knots, the vest bound with real gold

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cord, hair groomed, hat on the left

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arm, sword with a silver belt. It was

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really quite

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something.

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[Music]

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People were talking about it. A worthy

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successor to Wolf Gang Amadeus

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Mozart. My

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brother. I don't know. I mean, how could

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I

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tell? All I know is that his talent was

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a blessing for our family. Our

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grandfather's inheritance had almost run

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out. Father could barely support the

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family anymore.

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Once he started

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drinking, my brother's income was the

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only thing that kept us alive.

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[Music]

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Ro, but lips

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[Applause]

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are preser.

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[Applause]

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I'll give you

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away bastard.

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Come on now. I want you to play

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something beautiful for us.

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Hey.

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[Music]

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I never understood why Ludvig's mother

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didn't step

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in. He certainly never criticized his

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parents in front of

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us, but I had the feeling that he'd

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given up relying on them.

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[Music]

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Lord Vig, how lovely to see you. Come

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and see how your pupil is getting on.

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Beethoven found refuge at the home of

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Elanora's family. He taught young

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Elanora the

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piano. Her mother, Helen, doted on him.

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The whole of Bond was talking about this

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young genius. But my mother was one of

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the few who understood how fragile he

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was.

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employer, the elector of Bon asking that

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half his father's salary be paid to

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him. It was typical of Beethoven's

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boldness and he got his way.

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[Music]

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By now, Beethoven had come to the

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attention of Bon's rulers and through

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them was given his first big musical

195
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break.

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He was chosen to write the music for a

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canarta commemorating the death of

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Joseph II, the popular and modernizing

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Hapsburg emperor who had embodied the

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ideals of the French Enlightenment.

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[Music]

202
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Close to the French border, Bon had

203
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always been influenced by French

204
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enlightenment thought. And the young

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Beethoven also found himself drawn to

206
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its values of virtue, reason, freedom,

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and

208
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progress.

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[Music]

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Here as an idealistic and demanding

211
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young man, he penned this sublime tune,

212
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almost Mozartian in its effortless

213
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beauty.

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[Music]

215
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This soaring line, mankind climbs

216
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towards the light, has been called

217
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Beethoven's melody of humanity. And its

218
00:16:38,320 --> 00:16:44,160
shape, its melodic contour, we'll hear

219
00:16:41,199 --> 00:16:47,480
again and again in other works. What

220
00:16:44,160 --> 00:16:50,320
does it consist of? A rising

221
00:16:47,480 --> 00:16:53,600
figure and up again, and then it turns

222
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back in on itself.

223
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So, it's about an overall shape, not the

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specific notes, which makes it a motto

225
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theme, which is an ongoing obsession in

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Beethoven's music throughout his life.

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[Music]

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No, no, no. Stop.

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[Music]

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Stop. Unless my ears deceive me, you are

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playing

232
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flat. The whole of the last

233
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phrase was flat.

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[Applause]

235
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again from the beginning.

236
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[Music]

237
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The work was rehearsed but never

238
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performed in Beethoven's

239
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lifetime. It's an ambitious, elaborate

240
00:18:11,840 --> 00:18:17,610
piece, and at 800 bars, longer than

241
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anything he'd written before.

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[Music]

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I'm

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[Music]

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00:18:42,970 --> 00:18:56,869
[Applause]

246
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[Music]

247
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speak commissioned at a turning point in

248
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European history and it's the first time

249
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we see Beethoven dealing with political

250
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ideas.

251
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The storming of the Bastile in France

252
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had sent shock waves throughout the

253
00:19:20,200 --> 00:19:26,960
continent. And here, Beethoven seems to

254
00:19:23,280 --> 00:19:26,960
bid farewell to Europe's

255
00:19:27,320 --> 00:19:33,480
past by giving this work an image of an

256
00:19:30,440 --> 00:19:36,080
idealized golden age of aristocratic

257
00:19:33,480 --> 00:19:38,440
heroism, just as so much of Europe is on

258
00:19:36,080 --> 00:19:40,150
the brink of devastating

259
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revolution.

260
00:19:40,150 --> 00:19:58,809
[Music]

261
00:20:01,799 --> 00:20:07,919
might be had attained recognition in

262
00:20:04,960 --> 00:20:11,760
Bon's aristocratic circles. It was now

263
00:20:07,919 --> 00:20:13,679
time for him to seek a wider horizon.

264
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His life in bond could only take him so

265
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far. He was well aware of that.

266
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And he had so much more to learn in

267
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[Music]

268
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Vienna. But he knew not to rely on

269
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anyone. That much he'd learned from his

270
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childhood.

271
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It's hard to say goodbye. It's something

272
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I know you have to do. But if only it

273
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weren't such a long way away.

274
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Elanora would like to say goodbye. I'm

275
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late. I'm sorry. Please don't be angry

276
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with her.

277
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I wasn't able to return his

278
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love. And in his usual

279
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way, he was angry with me for it.

280
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But he wrote to me from

281
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Vienna and

282
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slowly we were able to be friends again.

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[Music]

284
00:21:34,400 --> 00:21:38,880
At the age of 21, Beethoven left Bomb

285
00:21:37,039 --> 00:21:42,000
behind him and set off to seek his

286
00:21:38,880 --> 00:21:42,420
fortune in Vienna, the musical capital

287
00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:45,840
of

288
00:21:42,420 --> 00:21:47,880
[Music]

289
00:21:45,840 --> 00:21:50,400
[Applause]

290
00:21:47,880 --> 00:21:52,840
Europe. He arrived with an invitation to

291
00:21:50,400 --> 00:21:57,240
study with the world's greatest living

292
00:21:52,840 --> 00:21:57,240
composer, Joseph Hayen.

293
00:21:58,660 --> 00:22:18,599
[Music]

294
00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:26,080
Hidenberg. So pleased to meet you.

295
00:22:23,840 --> 00:22:29,679
Welcome to Vienna. How are you getting

296
00:22:26,080 --> 00:22:30,919
on? Oh, come sit. Sit down over here.

297
00:22:29,679 --> 00:22:33,080
Over

298
00:22:30,919 --> 00:22:36,559
there.

299
00:22:33,080 --> 00:22:39,280
Now, I was shown a manuscript of Yantata

300
00:22:36,559 --> 00:22:39,280
when I visited

301
00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:46,200
Bon. Yes. Your patron Volstein. Yes. He

302
00:22:43,760 --> 00:22:48,799
told me you were

303
00:22:46,200 --> 00:22:49,799
brilliant. Yes. He said, "With a lot of

304
00:22:48,799 --> 00:22:53,600
hard

305
00:22:49,799 --> 00:22:55,180
work, he shall receive Mozart's spirit

306
00:22:53,600 --> 00:22:59,290
to the hands of

307
00:22:55,180 --> 00:22:59,290
[Laughter]

308
00:22:59,320 --> 00:23:04,200
Heiden." And what you make of that then?

309
00:23:02,400 --> 00:23:08,600
Well, I would be

310
00:23:04,200 --> 00:23:12,000
um honored to study with you, Hayen,

311
00:23:08,600 --> 00:23:16,080
but you know better than I do that every

312
00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:18,880
true artist must find his own path.

313
00:23:16,080 --> 00:23:18,880
Of course.

314
00:23:19,760 --> 00:23:25,559
an extraordinary young man. I wasn't

315
00:23:22,799 --> 00:23:27,679
surprised at his

316
00:23:25,559 --> 00:23:29,480
impatience. After all, I suppose this

317
00:23:27,679 --> 00:23:31,919
was a young man in a

318
00:23:29,480 --> 00:23:33,799
hurry, and I was a composer in my

319
00:23:31,919 --> 00:23:35,320
twilight

320
00:23:33,799 --> 00:23:38,240
years.

321
00:23:35,320 --> 00:23:41,440
But I sense that in time he would give

322
00:23:38,240 --> 00:23:43,679
the world something to talk about, and I

323
00:23:41,440 --> 00:23:46,679
would be proud to call myself his

324
00:23:43,679 --> 00:23:46,679
teacher.

325
00:23:48,520 --> 00:24:05,269
[Music]

326
00:24:07,120 --> 00:24:11,159
Soon after he arrived in

327
00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:13,720
Vienna, our father

328
00:24:11,159 --> 00:24:16,480
died. I read to tell

329
00:24:13,720 --> 00:24:16,960
Ludvig, but uh he didn't come back for

330
00:24:16,480 --> 00:24:21,320
the

331
00:24:16,960 --> 00:24:24,000
[Music]

332
00:24:21,320 --> 00:24:26,640
funeral. In fact, he never returned to

333
00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:30,039
Bond.

334
00:24:26,640 --> 00:24:32,280
I was more than happy to follow him to

335
00:24:30,039 --> 00:24:34,840
Vienna. There was nothing in bond for

336
00:24:32,280 --> 00:24:41,050
[Music]

337
00:24:34,840 --> 00:24:44,329
me. I suppose in a way I was living in a

338
00:24:41,050 --> 00:24:44,329
[Music]

339
00:24:45,080 --> 00:24:53,880
shadow. Ludvig got on with his

340
00:24:48,679 --> 00:24:53,880
life, his new life.

341
00:24:56,480 --> 00:24:59,520
The death of his father meant that

342
00:24:57,919 --> 00:25:02,320
Beethoven could finally put his

343
00:24:59,520 --> 00:25:04,400
childhood behind him. Before long, he

344
00:25:02,320 --> 00:25:06,559
was being fated in the salons of the

345
00:25:04,400 --> 00:25:09,760
vianese nobility as the city's most

346
00:25:06,559 --> 00:25:11,580
exciting newcomer. Nothing could hold

347
00:25:09,760 --> 00:25:32,890
him back.

348
00:25:11,580 --> 00:25:32,890
[Music]

349
00:25:36,810 --> 00:25:46,880
[Music]

350
00:25:44,720 --> 00:25:47,880
So, what do you

351
00:25:46,880 --> 00:25:49,720
It's

352
00:25:47,880 --> 00:25:54,320
genius. It's

353
00:25:49,720 --> 00:25:54,320
novel and I like it because of it

354
00:25:55,240 --> 00:26:00,559
novelty. Others may find it too

355
00:25:58,360 --> 00:26:03,480
complex. If I were you, I wouldn't

356
00:26:00,559 --> 00:26:08,120
publish this last one just

357
00:26:03,480 --> 00:26:08,120
yet. Needs more work.

358
00:26:12,500 --> 00:26:19,600
[Music]

359
00:26:16,559 --> 00:26:22,240
What's wrong with it? No, no, no, no,

360
00:26:19,600 --> 00:26:26,200
no. Nothing's wrong with it. I I simply

361
00:26:22,240 --> 00:26:30,320
meant that um this is a complicated

362
00:26:26,200 --> 00:26:30,320
work. Absolutely too much.

363
00:26:31,159 --> 00:26:36,440
So, the public hasn't caught up with you

364
00:26:34,200 --> 00:26:38,720
[Music]

365
00:26:36,440 --> 00:26:39,860
yet. Perhaps they're not quite ready for

366
00:26:38,720 --> 00:26:55,079
this.

367
00:26:39,860 --> 00:26:55,079
[Music]

368
00:26:59,760 --> 00:27:09,880
[Music]

369
00:27:05,640 --> 00:27:09,880
attack. Good day.

370
00:27:12,080 --> 00:27:17,279
It was a little

371
00:27:13,640 --> 00:27:17,279
embarrassing to say the

372
00:27:18,600 --> 00:27:24,240
least. All I meant to say was that the

373
00:27:21,279 --> 00:27:28,440
public may not take so readily to such a

374
00:27:24,240 --> 00:27:30,880
difficult and stormy

375
00:27:28,440 --> 00:27:33,279
finale, but the work was outstanding. It

376
00:27:30,880 --> 00:27:33,279
made me

377
00:27:33,400 --> 00:27:43,320
proud. And uh I asked him uh later if he

378
00:27:38,880 --> 00:27:46,400
would put pupil of hiden on the

379
00:27:43,320 --> 00:27:47,880
piece. It's a normal practice but not

380
00:27:46,400 --> 00:27:51,600
for

381
00:27:47,880 --> 00:27:51,600
Beethoven. He refused

382
00:27:51,860 --> 00:27:59,270
[Music]

383
00:27:59,320 --> 00:28:05,039
outright. Perhaps it was necessary for

384
00:28:02,080 --> 00:28:07,760
the young composer to carve his own way.

385
00:28:05,039 --> 00:28:09,600
He needed to make his work distinct from

386
00:28:07,760 --> 00:28:10,420
that of his contemporaries or teachers

387
00:28:09,600 --> 00:28:15,880
like

388
00:28:10,420 --> 00:28:18,880
[Music]

389
00:28:15,880 --> 00:28:21,760
Heiden. And he does that here in the F

390
00:28:18,880 --> 00:28:23,919
minor piano sonata, setting himself

391
00:28:21,760 --> 00:28:26,610
challenging ground rules in order to

392
00:28:23,919 --> 00:28:28,600
express the

393
00:28:26,610 --> 00:28:31,120
[Applause]

394
00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:33,279
maximum. Whereas composers like Heiden

395
00:28:31,120 --> 00:28:35,919
and Mozart might achieve contrast

396
00:28:33,279 --> 00:28:38,919
through key change, Bates here sticks

397
00:28:35,919 --> 00:28:41,600
pretty much to the one key F

398
00:28:38,919 --> 00:28:43,360
minor. And he forces us to sit up and

399
00:28:41,600 --> 00:28:45,080
listen through the use of very clever

400
00:28:43,360 --> 00:28:48,559
localized

401
00:28:45,080 --> 00:28:51,279
effects, repetition, strange syncopated

402
00:28:48,559 --> 00:28:53,410
rhythms, and extreme shifts between loud

403
00:28:51,279 --> 00:28:55,360
and soft.

404
00:28:53,410 --> 00:28:57,840
[Music]

405
00:28:55,360 --> 00:29:00,390
He's taken the idea of contrast to a

406
00:28:57,840 --> 00:29:08,970
much higher, more provocative

407
00:29:00,390 --> 00:29:08,970
[Music]

408
00:29:09,320 --> 00:29:15,039
degree. The feelings he aroused in his

409
00:29:11,840 --> 00:29:17,159
teachers were not confined to me alone.

410
00:29:15,039 --> 00:29:21,120
He was so

411
00:29:17,159 --> 00:29:25,360
stubborn, so bent on having his own way

412
00:29:21,120 --> 00:29:25,710
that uh many of us had our disagreements

413
00:29:25,360 --> 00:29:33,119
with

414
00:29:25,710 --> 00:29:33,119
[Music]

415
00:29:33,159 --> 00:29:39,720
him. He claimed apparently that I was

416
00:29:36,240 --> 00:29:39,720
jealous of him.

417
00:29:40,880 --> 00:29:46,159
But when you heard the

418
00:29:43,080 --> 00:29:48,480
work, how could one not feel it had all

419
00:29:46,159 --> 00:29:48,480
been

420
00:29:53,320 --> 00:29:57,600
worthwhile? Beethoven's early years in

421
00:29:55,600 --> 00:29:58,600
Vienna were characterized by his writing

422
00:29:57,600 --> 00:30:01,679
for the

423
00:29:58,600 --> 00:30:04,000
piano. And it's in these sonatas,

424
00:30:01,679 --> 00:30:06,880
private works intended for domestic and

425
00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:08,730
not public consumption, that we see the

426
00:30:06,880 --> 00:30:14,120
real masterpieces of his

427
00:30:08,730 --> 00:30:16,559
[Music]

428
00:30:14,120 --> 00:30:21,320
youth. With them, you have a sense that

429
00:30:16,559 --> 00:30:21,320
he's discovered his inner voice.

430
00:30:21,680 --> 00:30:24,759
[Music]

431
00:30:24,880 --> 00:30:29,840
It was his skill as a virtuoso pionist

432
00:30:27,360 --> 00:30:32,159
that propelled Beethoven to fame in

433
00:30:29,840 --> 00:30:34,480
Vienna. Within just a few years of his

434
00:30:32,159 --> 00:30:37,360
arrival, he was already wildly popular

435
00:30:34,480 --> 00:30:40,240
as the city's foremost improviser.

436
00:30:37,360 --> 00:30:42,240
Contenders would spar in contests where

437
00:30:40,240 --> 00:30:44,480
each had to improvise on a well-known

438
00:30:42,240 --> 00:30:46,840
piece of music. And to maintain his

439
00:30:44,480 --> 00:30:49,760
position, Beethoven had to see off the

440
00:30:46,840 --> 00:30:54,039
competition, taking on the heavyweights

441
00:30:49,760 --> 00:30:54,039
of the European music scene.

442
00:30:58,720 --> 00:31:04,480
Hey

443
00:31:00,679 --> 00:31:06,880
gentlemen have Beethoven. Tonight we'll

444
00:31:04,480 --> 00:31:09,399
meet more than his match. I believe may

445
00:31:06,880 --> 00:31:12,320
I present the brilliant the hither two

446
00:31:09,399 --> 00:31:16,720
unbeaten all the way from Paris. But

447
00:31:12,320 --> 00:31:19,279
don't hold that against him.

448
00:31:16,720 --> 00:31:24,520
He's dextrous. He's dashing. He's dear.

449
00:31:19,279 --> 00:31:24,520
He's Mr. Daniel Styel.

450
00:31:33,440 --> 00:31:36,440
Hallelujah.

451
00:31:52,559 --> 00:31:55,360
So, when are you going to

452
00:31:55,720 --> 00:32:00,440
start? We haven't got all day.

453
00:32:02,510 --> 00:32:40,080
[Music]

454
00:32:33,650 --> 00:32:43,480
[Applause]

455
00:32:40,080 --> 00:32:43,480
Join me.

456
00:32:44,160 --> 00:32:48,960
[Applause]

457
00:32:46,799 --> 00:32:53,600
Absolutely delightful.

458
00:32:48,960 --> 00:32:56,559
And now I introduce the toast of our

459
00:32:53,600 --> 00:33:01,200
beloved Vienna. We know him, we love

460
00:32:56,559 --> 00:33:05,880
him. His fingerwork is finesse itself.

461
00:33:01,200 --> 00:33:15,120
But is he the best? Let's find out.

462
00:33:05,880 --> 00:33:40,880
[Applause]

463
00:33:15,120 --> 00:33:41,799
[Music]

464
00:33:40,880 --> 00:33:44,799
There we

465
00:33:41,799 --> 00:33:44,799
go.

466
00:33:56,039 --> 00:33:59,039
Heat.

467
00:34:03,799 --> 00:34:09,170
Heat.

468
00:34:05,860 --> 00:34:09,170
[Applause]

469
00:34:17,159 --> 00:34:21,159
Heat. Heat.

470
00:34:30,739 --> 00:34:40,119
[Music]

471
00:34:35,719 --> 00:34:40,119
[Applause]

472
00:34:44,919 --> 00:34:48,919
Woohoo! Woo!

473
00:34:54,100 --> 00:35:01,309
[Music]

474
00:35:01,440 --> 00:35:06,520
He used to write to me from

475
00:35:03,560 --> 00:35:09,720
Vienna. He sounded so

476
00:35:06,520 --> 00:35:13,440
excited. Life was full of

477
00:35:09,720 --> 00:35:16,079
promise. If we met again, he told me I'd

478
00:35:13,440 --> 00:35:18,800
find him very different. You'll see, he

479
00:35:16,079 --> 00:35:21,960
said, that a better life has done much

480
00:35:18,800 --> 00:35:24,760
to erase the traces of unhappy

481
00:35:21,960 --> 00:35:27,160
times. He was lionized by the

482
00:35:24,760 --> 00:35:30,880
aristocracy, adored by the

483
00:35:27,160 --> 00:35:35,240
wealthy, and he even wrote to my husband

484
00:35:30,880 --> 00:35:38,920
France to say that there was love in the

485
00:35:35,240 --> 00:35:42,560
air. Despite what people say, I'm no

486
00:35:38,920 --> 00:35:44,400
misanthrop. You know that.

487
00:35:42,560 --> 00:35:47,359
And something's happened recently to

488
00:35:44,400 --> 00:35:50,560
lift my mood. This change has been

489
00:35:47,359 --> 00:35:54,079
brought about by an enchanting girl who

490
00:35:50,560 --> 00:35:55,839
loves me and whom I love. This is the

491
00:35:54,079 --> 00:35:58,240
first time I feel that marriage may

492
00:35:55,839 --> 00:35:58,240
bring me

493
00:35:58,359 --> 00:36:03,359
happiness. Of course, we were all

494
00:36:00,760 --> 00:36:06,079
delighted. He'd always had such

495
00:36:03,359 --> 00:36:08,560
difficulties with women, always falling

496
00:36:06,079 --> 00:36:11,880
in love, but somehow it never quite

497
00:36:08,560 --> 00:36:11,880
worked out.

498
00:36:12,400 --> 00:36:18,680
Well, he's talented. I mean, he's

499
00:36:14,839 --> 00:36:20,920
brilliant. He plays like a dream

500
00:36:18,680 --> 00:36:25,320
and and he's

501
00:36:20,920 --> 00:36:27,920
ugly. Well, he's not exactly ugly,

502
00:36:25,320 --> 00:36:31,680
but he doesn't make the best of himself,

503
00:36:27,920 --> 00:36:32,960
does he? He wears cheap, nasty jackets.

504
00:36:31,680 --> 00:36:35,839
I almost want to pay for him just to go

505
00:36:32,960 --> 00:36:39,920
to a tailor.

506
00:36:35,839 --> 00:36:42,160
Oh, but he has a kind of charm, a sort

507
00:36:39,920 --> 00:36:42,160
of

508
00:36:42,440 --> 00:36:50,280
magnetism. He's written a sonata for

509
00:36:45,960 --> 00:36:50,280
me. I know.

510
00:36:50,440 --> 00:37:09,489
[Music]

511
00:37:24,400 --> 00:37:28,640
This hypnotic work was dedicated to

512
00:37:26,480 --> 00:37:31,680
Beethoven's pupil, Countest Julieta

513
00:37:28,640 --> 00:37:33,839
Guardi, in 1801. and it only became

514
00:37:31,680 --> 00:37:37,280
known as the Moonlight Sonata years

515
00:37:33,839 --> 00:37:39,760
after Beethoven's death. He himself gave

516
00:37:37,280 --> 00:37:42,960
it the subtitle sonata in the manner of

517
00:37:39,760 --> 00:37:45,520
a fantasia. And it's this fantasylike

518
00:37:42,960 --> 00:37:47,240
quality which builds on the huge talent

519
00:37:45,520 --> 00:37:49,680
Beethoven had for

520
00:37:47,240 --> 00:37:53,119
improvisation. Here we see that very

521
00:37:49,680 --> 00:37:56,680
gift taken out of the public sphere into

522
00:37:53,119 --> 00:37:56,680
the private realm.

523
00:38:00,520 --> 00:38:06,920
[Music]

524
00:38:09,119 --> 00:38:14,359
It's very rare for a sonata of this

525
00:38:11,119 --> 00:38:17,440
period to begin with a slow

526
00:38:14,359 --> 00:38:19,200
movement of delicate dreamlike texture

527
00:38:17,440 --> 00:38:21,839
which sounds as if the pianist is

528
00:38:19,200 --> 00:38:24,720
spinning a spontaneous thread of

529
00:38:21,839 --> 00:38:27,040
expressive thought.

530
00:38:24,720 --> 00:38:28,960
And then there's the melody almost a

531
00:38:27,040 --> 00:38:31,560
song without

532
00:38:28,960 --> 00:38:34,400
[Music]

533
00:38:31,560 --> 00:38:35,760
words in its lyrical and melancholic

534
00:38:34,400 --> 00:38:38,119
nature which would have a great

535
00:38:35,760 --> 00:38:40,480
influence on 19th century romantics like

536
00:38:38,119 --> 00:38:45,560
shopper. This work takes the piano

537
00:38:40,480 --> 00:38:45,560
sonata into dark new territory.

538
00:38:47,040 --> 00:39:12,929
[Music]

539
00:39:19,920 --> 00:39:23,440
I understand you're going to be at

540
00:39:21,280 --> 00:39:24,440
Prince Nicolas this Friday. No, I won't

541
00:39:23,440 --> 00:39:29,160
be

542
00:39:24,440 --> 00:39:29,160
going. Can't bear that crowd.

543
00:39:29,680 --> 00:39:33,320
I shall be there.

544
00:39:34,000 --> 00:39:36,960
Well, how

545
00:39:40,599 --> 00:39:44,960
nice. I think we should move on to the

546
00:39:42,800 --> 00:39:44,960
next

547
00:39:45,960 --> 00:39:51,000
movement. Julieta was one of many women

548
00:39:48,480 --> 00:39:53,599
with whom Beethoven would fall in

549
00:39:51,000 --> 00:39:55,920
love. Yet, it wasn't just a fear of

550
00:39:53,599 --> 00:40:00,000
intimacy that stopped him getting too

551
00:39:55,920 --> 00:40:03,000
close. There was something else. I was

552
00:40:00,000 --> 00:40:06,240
lucky enough to be taken on as hairbe's

553
00:40:03,000 --> 00:40:08,160
assistant. An honor indeed. And as such,

554
00:40:06,240 --> 00:40:10,760
I was privileged to spend a great deal

555
00:40:08,160 --> 00:40:14,560
of time with him, just the two of

556
00:40:10,760 --> 00:40:16,640
us, which sometimes meant knowing things

557
00:40:14,560 --> 00:40:20,280
about him the rest of the world as yet

558
00:40:16,640 --> 00:40:20,280
had no idea of.

559
00:40:20,640 --> 00:40:26,400
Have you seen the quint yet? Yes. And

560
00:40:24,079 --> 00:40:29,359
I've marked the misprints.

561
00:40:26,400 --> 00:40:29,359
Why can't they ever get it

562
00:40:33,800 --> 00:40:38,920
right? Listen to

563
00:40:36,200 --> 00:40:43,560
that. This must be a

564
00:40:38,920 --> 00:40:43,560
shepherd. Beautiful, isn't it?

565
00:40:44,480 --> 00:40:51,480
What are you talking about? Flute.

566
00:40:47,760 --> 00:40:51,480
Listen. There it is again.

567
00:40:57,359 --> 00:41:01,240
You're joking, aren't you?

568
00:41:01,430 --> 00:41:10,760
[Music]

569
00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:10,760
H. Yes. Yeah. I must have misheard it.

570
00:41:20,560 --> 00:41:27,200
You asked about my present

571
00:41:24,200 --> 00:41:29,599
situation. Well, to the outside world,

572
00:41:27,200 --> 00:41:31,599
everything is fine. I'm being offered

573
00:41:29,599 --> 00:41:33,599
more work than I can possibly deliver.

574
00:41:31,599 --> 00:41:36,160
And I I I no longer even have to

575
00:41:33,599 --> 00:41:37,390
negotiate with people. I state my price

576
00:41:36,160 --> 00:41:41,160
and they

577
00:41:37,390 --> 00:41:44,480
[Music]

578
00:41:41,160 --> 00:41:49,359
pay. But the truth is that that secret

579
00:41:44,480 --> 00:41:49,359
demon, my health, is destroying

580
00:41:50,359 --> 00:41:55,590
everything. My ears continue to buzz and

581
00:41:54,160 --> 00:42:00,040
hum day and

582
00:41:55,590 --> 00:42:02,800
[Music]

583
00:42:00,040 --> 00:42:06,400
night. Can you imagine what a disaster

584
00:42:02,800 --> 00:42:06,400
that is for me? A

585
00:42:08,440 --> 00:42:17,000
musician. I don't go out in public.

586
00:42:13,119 --> 00:42:20,250
Just because I cannot possibly tell

587
00:42:17,000 --> 00:42:22,839
people I'm going

588
00:42:20,250 --> 00:42:25,400
[Music]

589
00:42:22,839 --> 00:42:28,960
deaf. Beethoven would lose his hearing

590
00:42:25,400 --> 00:42:31,359
slowly over the next 10 years, but the

591
00:42:28,960 --> 00:42:33,599
first symptoms of deafness, a ringing in

592
00:42:31,359 --> 00:42:36,440
his ears and an inability to understand

593
00:42:33,599 --> 00:42:41,200
people's speech, threw him into a

594
00:42:36,440 --> 00:42:43,280
panic. There wasn't a moment to lose.

595
00:42:41,200 --> 00:42:45,400
When he wrote to me again, there was a

596
00:42:43,280 --> 00:42:47,480
new sense of urgency in his

597
00:42:45,400 --> 00:42:49,720
voice, a

598
00:42:47,480 --> 00:42:52,160
determination, almost a

599
00:42:49,720 --> 00:42:55,160
mania, a feeling that time was running

600
00:42:52,160 --> 00:42:55,160
out.

601
00:42:59,030 --> 00:43:08,269
[Music]

602
00:43:12,050 --> 00:43:16,590
[Music]

603
00:43:19,200 --> 00:43:23,560
Everything Beethoven had fought for

604
00:43:21,040 --> 00:43:26,560
seemed in

605
00:43:23,560 --> 00:43:28,800
jeopardy. With typical defiance, he

606
00:43:26,560 --> 00:43:30,880
threw himself into his work and embarked

607
00:43:28,800 --> 00:43:35,079
on the most public form of artistic

608
00:43:30,880 --> 00:43:35,079
expression, a symphony.

609
00:43:35,190 --> 00:43:47,520
[Music]

610
00:43:43,839 --> 00:43:50,140
I live entirely in my music. I've barely

611
00:43:47,520 --> 00:43:53,800
completed one work before beginning

612
00:43:50,140 --> 00:43:57,119
[Music]

613
00:43:53,800 --> 00:43:59,599
another. At my current rate, I'm often

614
00:43:57,119 --> 00:44:02,400
composing three or four works at the

615
00:43:59,599 --> 00:44:05,270
same time.

616
00:44:02,400 --> 00:44:08,480
At the moment I feel equal to

617
00:44:05,270 --> 00:44:08,480
[Music]

618
00:44:09,180 --> 00:44:17,099
[Applause]

619
00:44:11,010 --> 00:44:17,099
[Music]

620
00:44:17,640 --> 00:44:21,920
entry. It's an extraordinary work

621
00:44:20,560 --> 00:44:23,920
reflecting the swings between

622
00:44:21,920 --> 00:44:25,960
melancholia and exuberance which

623
00:44:23,920 --> 00:44:28,480
characterize this time for

624
00:44:25,960 --> 00:44:30,700
Beethoven. This last movement has a kind

625
00:44:28,480 --> 00:44:32,400
of ferocity about it.

626
00:44:30,700 --> 00:44:34,080
[Music]

627
00:44:32,400 --> 00:44:38,679
The music of a

628
00:44:34,080 --> 00:44:38,679
[Music]

629
00:44:45,400 --> 00:44:50,319
hooligan. This symphony sits on a fault

630
00:44:48,240 --> 00:44:52,319
line between the 18th and 19th

631
00:44:50,319 --> 00:44:54,000
centuries.

632
00:44:52,319 --> 00:44:56,400
It's still very much part of the

633
00:44:54,000 --> 00:44:58,720
tradition that Beethoven has inherited,

634
00:44:56,400 --> 00:45:01,599
but through its audacity, its

635
00:44:58,720 --> 00:45:05,000
aggression, and its sheer size, it's

636
00:45:01,599 --> 00:45:07,200
creating a whole new

637
00:45:05,000 --> 00:45:10,560
template. And more than ever, his

638
00:45:07,200 --> 00:45:12,380
unerring sense of himself as an artist

639
00:45:10,560 --> 00:45:16,360
is becoming

640
00:45:12,380 --> 00:45:16,360
[Music]

641
00:45:28,680 --> 00:45:34,640
clear. I can't possibly marry this man.

642
00:45:31,920 --> 00:45:37,079
I don't know what I was thinking.

643
00:45:34,640 --> 00:45:39,599
My head must have been turned by the

644
00:45:37,079 --> 00:45:41,319
music. I mean, obviously, he's without

645
00:45:39,599 --> 00:45:45,440
rank or or permanent

646
00:45:41,319 --> 00:45:45,440
position. I mean, what would my future

647
00:45:46,280 --> 00:45:49,599
be? Something

648
00:45:49,960 --> 00:45:58,880
else? All of Vienna's whispering about

649
00:45:54,359 --> 00:45:58,880
it. Let's talk. He might be losing his

650
00:45:59,640 --> 00:46:07,720
hearing. A deaf musician.

651
00:46:04,079 --> 00:46:07,720
Can you imagine that?

652
00:46:16,540 --> 00:46:34,300
[Music]

653
00:46:35,200 --> 00:46:37,520
It's

654
00:46:38,119 --> 00:46:41,359
just what

655
00:46:44,200 --> 00:46:47,200
it's

656
00:46:47,510 --> 00:47:03,109
[Music]

657
00:47:05,720 --> 00:47:15,159
Heat. Heat.

658
00:47:07,790 --> 00:47:15,159
[Music]

659
00:47:17,810 --> 00:47:27,240
[Music]

660
00:47:24,160 --> 00:47:27,240
Heat. Heat.

661
00:47:34,390 --> 00:47:45,309
[Music]

662
00:47:46,319 --> 00:47:50,920
My hearing hasn't improved. In fact, I

663
00:47:49,119 --> 00:47:54,800
think it may be getting

664
00:47:50,920 --> 00:47:57,160
worse. And the lady I told you about is

665
00:47:54,800 --> 00:47:59,359
not of my

666
00:47:57,160 --> 00:48:02,079
class. So marriage is out of the

667
00:47:59,359 --> 00:48:05,119
question.

668
00:48:02,079 --> 00:48:08,839
And in any case, I really am far too

669
00:48:05,119 --> 00:48:08,839
busy with my music.

670
00:48:11,260 --> 00:48:44,949
[Music]

671
00:48:50,760 --> 00:48:54,079
Well, bravo.

672
00:49:00,359 --> 00:49:04,599
Oh, you want to know what his state of

673
00:49:02,559 --> 00:49:06,760
mind was like

674
00:49:04,599 --> 00:49:09,359
then? Utter

675
00:49:06,760 --> 00:49:12,400
distress. Not only was that relationship

676
00:49:09,359 --> 00:49:14,359
doomed, but he was a man who up until

677
00:49:12,400 --> 00:49:16,960
now could do no wrong in

678
00:49:14,359 --> 00:49:19,350
Vienna with a secret that could destroy

679
00:49:16,960 --> 00:49:20,800
all that.

680
00:49:19,350 --> 00:49:23,200
[Music]

681
00:49:20,800 --> 00:49:25,839
He began to avoid his friends. He

682
00:49:23,200 --> 00:49:27,480
stopped coming out in company. People

683
00:49:25,839 --> 00:49:29,839
thought he was downright

684
00:49:27,480 --> 00:49:31,920
rude. Not many of us knew the reason

685
00:49:29,839 --> 00:49:35,039
why.

686
00:49:31,920 --> 00:49:35,039
[Music]

687
00:49:59,650 --> 00:50:02,699
[Music]

688
00:50:12,440 --> 00:50:22,929
Stop.

689
00:50:14,060 --> 00:50:22,929
[Music]

690
00:50:26,920 --> 00:50:33,280
Oh, he left Vienna for a few months. I

691
00:50:31,040 --> 00:50:35,680
was worried. I tried to keep his

692
00:50:33,280 --> 00:50:38,240
business going for him back here to give

693
00:50:35,680 --> 00:50:40,079
him a chance to relax.

694
00:50:38,240 --> 00:50:41,400
I think he pinned his hopes on the peace

695
00:50:40,079 --> 00:50:44,000
and quiet of the

696
00:50:41,400 --> 00:50:45,319
countryside and the possibility that

697
00:50:44,000 --> 00:50:49,040
there must be

698
00:50:45,319 --> 00:50:49,040
something that could cure

699
00:50:51,000 --> 00:50:57,800
him. Beethoven traveled to a small

700
00:50:53,599 --> 00:51:01,319
village called Hiligan outside

701
00:50:57,800 --> 00:51:04,000
Vienna. The move was to change

702
00:51:01,319 --> 00:51:07,160
everything, but not in a way he could

703
00:51:04,000 --> 00:51:07,160
have imagined.

704
00:51:16,760 --> 00:51:19,839
[Music]

705
00:51:29,400 --> 00:51:36,520
So the puses, the baths, the infusions,

706
00:51:32,800 --> 00:51:36,520
none of them have worked.

707
00:51:37,680 --> 00:51:42,200
Now you're telling me there may be no

708
00:51:39,200 --> 00:51:42,200
cure.

709
00:51:56,820 --> 00:52:00,699
[Music]

710
00:52:20,000 --> 00:52:27,160
You people who think or say that I am

711
00:52:23,319 --> 00:52:31,200
hostile, stubborn, or

712
00:52:27,160 --> 00:52:31,200
misanthropic, how greatly you wrong

713
00:52:32,640 --> 00:52:39,079
You have no idea of the secret

714
00:52:35,640 --> 00:52:42,040
reason which makes me seem that way to

715
00:52:39,079 --> 00:52:46,960
you. I would have ended my

716
00:52:42,040 --> 00:52:46,960
life. It was only my art that held me

717
00:52:47,160 --> 00:52:52,160
back. I couldn't possibly leave the

718
00:52:49,760 --> 00:52:56,640
world until I had brought forth

719
00:52:52,160 --> 00:52:59,240
everything I felt was in me. Any idea I

720
00:52:56,640 --> 00:53:02,030
had that by coming here I would be

721
00:52:59,240 --> 00:53:03,720
cured. I must now give that

722
00:53:02,030 --> 00:53:06,400
[Music]

723
00:53:03,720 --> 00:53:09,920
up. As the autumn leaves fall and

724
00:53:06,400 --> 00:53:09,920
wither, so does my

725
00:53:10,200 --> 00:53:17,160
hope. Oh God, grant me at least but one

726
00:53:14,720 --> 00:53:20,200
day of pure

727
00:53:17,160 --> 00:53:23,440
joy. It's been so

728
00:53:20,200 --> 00:53:26,000
long since any real joy echoed in my

729
00:53:23,440 --> 00:53:26,000
heart.

730
00:53:27,040 --> 00:53:31,760
The long document that Beethoven wrote

731
00:53:29,040 --> 00:53:35,040
in Hiligan, a letter to his brothers

732
00:53:31,760 --> 00:53:37,599
that flirted with the idea of suicide,

733
00:53:35,040 --> 00:53:37,599
was never

734
00:53:39,160 --> 00:53:45,119
sent. But in this letter, Beethoven had

735
00:53:42,240 --> 00:53:48,000
created a metaphor for his own heroism,

736
00:53:45,119 --> 00:53:51,110
death, and rebirth.

737
00:53:48,000 --> 00:53:51,110
[Music]

738
00:53:52,640 --> 00:53:57,839
Bidding farewell to his old self,

739
00:53:55,359 --> 00:53:58,920
Beethan embarked upon what he called his

740
00:53:57,839 --> 00:54:01,599
new

741
00:53:58,920 --> 00:54:03,760
way. And on his return to Vienna, he

742
00:54:01,599 --> 00:54:05,680
composed his most radical work to date,

743
00:54:03,760 --> 00:54:09,200
a symphony which he intended to dedicate

744
00:54:05,680 --> 00:54:11,200
to his political hero Napoleon. But when

745
00:54:09,200 --> 00:54:14,079
Napoleon declared himself emperor of

746
00:54:11,200 --> 00:54:15,559
France, Beethoven, feeling betrayed,

747
00:54:14,079 --> 00:54:18,160
withdrew the

748
00:54:15,559 --> 00:54:20,559
dedication and he turned the symphony

749
00:54:18,160 --> 00:54:23,400
into what you might say is the story of

750
00:54:20,559 --> 00:54:26,359
his own heroic

751
00:54:23,400 --> 00:54:29,760
struggle. I was bound to be

752
00:54:26,359 --> 00:54:31,640
misunderstood and I had to live alone

753
00:54:29,760 --> 00:54:34,559
like someone who'd been

754
00:54:31,640 --> 00:54:37,800
banished. But now all this I've resolved

755
00:54:34,559 --> 00:54:37,800
to overcome.

756
00:54:40,359 --> 00:54:45,319
Significantly, he gave this symphony a

757
00:54:42,920 --> 00:54:48,079
title,

758
00:54:45,319 --> 00:54:52,480
heroica. This was his passionate and

759
00:54:48,079 --> 00:55:18,329
defiant response to crisis.

760
00:54:52,480 --> 00:55:18,329
[Music]

761
00:55:28,960 --> 00:55:34,559
In its scale, ambition, and complexity,

762
00:55:32,240 --> 00:55:37,119
the Araka Symphony was Huge leap forward

763
00:55:34,559 --> 00:55:40,040
for Beethoven, immediately eclipsing the

764
00:55:37,119 --> 00:55:42,640
achievements of the

765
00:55:40,040 --> 00:55:46,160
second. He's demanding that the world

766
00:55:42,640 --> 00:55:50,440
perceive him as a true artistic hero,

767
00:55:46,160 --> 00:55:50,440
albeit a flawed one.

768
00:55:50,880 --> 00:55:55,159
[Music]

769
00:56:05,140 --> 00:56:09,350
[Music]

770
00:56:13,760 --> 00:56:18,720
He wrote to us that every day was

771
00:56:15,920 --> 00:56:23,200
bringing him closer to his goal. A goal

772
00:56:18,720 --> 00:56:23,200
he couldn't describe, but he could

773
00:56:23,480 --> 00:56:28,680
feel. "You'll see," he said. "I will be

774
00:56:27,599 --> 00:56:31,599
happy

775
00:56:28,680 --> 00:56:33,100
again, as happy as this world allows me

776
00:56:31,599 --> 00:56:35,400
to be.

777
00:56:33,100 --> 00:56:38,640
[Applause]

778
00:56:35,400 --> 00:56:42,140
Resigned to his fate, he wrote, "Let my

779
00:56:38,640 --> 00:56:45,300
deafness no longer be a secret, even in

780
00:56:42,140 --> 00:56:45,300
[Music]

781
00:56:47,810 --> 00:56:53,440
[Music]

782
00:56:50,280 --> 00:56:55,839
art. After heroica, Beethoven would

783
00:56:53,440 --> 00:56:59,880
create music of previously unimagined

784
00:56:55,839 --> 00:56:59,880
scale and brilliance.

785
00:57:00,180 --> 00:57:17,920
[Music]

786
00:57:15,280 --> 00:57:20,520
But the deeply personal crisis of losing

787
00:57:17,920 --> 00:57:22,880
his hearing was only the start of his

788
00:57:20,520 --> 00:57:24,720
difficulties. As he reached his peak as

789
00:57:22,880 --> 00:57:27,280
a composer, Beethoven would experience

790
00:57:24,720 --> 00:57:29,590
even greater struggles with the world

791
00:57:27,280 --> 00:57:51,439
around him.

792
00:57:29,590 --> 00:57:51,439
[Music]

793
00:57:51,760 --> 00:57:56,720
And now over on BBC 4, join Charles

794
00:57:54,240 --> 00:57:58,960
Hazelwood in the new series Beethoven

795
00:57:56,720 --> 00:58:02,400
Uncovered as he takes It's a closer look

796
00:57:58,960 --> 00:58:02,400
at Beth Hovven's second

797
00:58:15,210 --> 00:58:18,320
[Music]

798
00:58:22,359 --> 00:58:33,510
symphony. Heat. Heat.

799
00:58:25,020 --> 00:58:33,510
[Music]

800
00:58:38,330 --> 00:58:44,710
[Music]